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Pujol E, Morales M, Roelandt JR, Pérez MJ, Masiá R, Sala J, Geleijnse ML

Partial ventricular septal defect (Pacman Heart).

Eur J Echocardiogr. 2008 Mar;9(2):316-7, PMID: 18490325

Complete ventricular septal defects (VSD) can be congenital (estimated prevalence 0.5% in live births) (Roguin N, et al. High prevalence of muscular ventricular septal defect in neonates. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26:1545-1548) or may be a complication of acute myocardial infarction (estimated incidence in the era of thrombolysis 0.2%) [Crenshaw BS, et al. Risk factors, angiographic patterns, and outcomes in patients with ventricular septal defect complicating acute myocardial infarction. GUSTO-I (Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded Coronary Arteries) Trial Investigators. Circulation 2000;101:27-32]. In this paper, we report two unique cases of partial VSD.

CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS