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Tsujino H, Jones M, Qin JX, Sitges M, Cardon LA, Morehead AL, Zetts AD, Bauer F, Kim YJ, Hang XY, Greenberg N, Thomas JD, Shiota T

Combination of pulsed-wave Doppler and real-time three-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography for quantifying the stroke volume in the left ventricular outflow tract.

Ultrasound Med Biol. 2004 Nov;30(11):1441-6, PMID: 15588954

Real-time three-dimensional (3-D) color Doppler echocardiography (RT3D) is capable of quantifying flow. However, low temporal resolution limits its application to stroke volume (SV) measurements. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to develop a reliable method to quantify SV. In animal experiments, cross-sectional images of the LV outflow tract were selected from the RT3D data to calculate peak flow rates (Q(p3D)). Conventional pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler was performed to measure the velocity-time integral (VTI) and the peak velocity (V(p)). By assuming that the flow is proportional to the velocity temporal waveform, SV was calculated as alpha x Q(p3D) x VTI/V(p), where alpha is a temporal correction factor. There was an excellent correlation between the reference flow meter and RT3D SV (mean difference = -1. 3 mL, y = 1. 05 x -2. 5, r = 0. 94, p < 0. 01). The new method allowed accurate SV estimations without any geometric assumptions of the spatial velocity distributions.

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